N2 -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamides and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof

ABSTRACT

N 2  -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamides and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have been found to be effective as pharmaceutical agents for the inhibition and suppression of thrombosis in mammals.

CROSS-REFERNENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application, Ser. No. 669,743 filed Mar. 24, 1976 which, in turn is a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 671,568 filed Mar. 29, 1976 which, in turn, is a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 622,390 filed Oct. 14, 1975, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to the discovery of certain new and useful N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamides and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are of especial value in view of their outstanding antithrombotic properties and low toxicities.

2. Description of the Prior Art

In the past, there have been many attempts to obtain new and improved agents for the treatment of thrombosis. The N² -(p-tolylsulfonyl)-L-arginine esters have been found to be one type of agent which can be used and these have been found to be effective in dissolving blood clots. (U.S. Pat. No. 3,622,615, issued Nov. 23, 1971).

One family of compounds which have been found to be particularly useful as highly specific inhibitors of thrombin for the control of thrombosis is the N² -dansyl-L-arginine ester or amide. (Our pending U.S. application Ser. No. 496,939, filed Aug. 13, 1974 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,978,045). However, there is a continuing need for a highly specific inhibitor on thrombin for the control of thrombosis, which exhibits lower toxicity.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It has now been discovered that N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamides exhibit antithrombotic activity and even lower toxicity levels at the same relative potencies, as compared with the N² -dansyl-L-arginine ester or amide. The compounds of this invention can represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R₁ is selected from the group consisting of naphthyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl and naphthyl substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, C₁ -C₁₀ alkyl and C₂ -C₂₀ dialkylamino; R₂ is selected from the group consisting of C₂ -C₁₀ alkyl, C₂ -C₁₀ alkoxyalkyl, C₂ -C₁₀ alkylthioalkyl, C₇ -C₁₅ aralkyl, C₃ -C₁₀ cycloalkyl and C₄ -C₁₀ cycloalkylalkyl; R₃ is hydrogen; and n is an integer of 1, 2 or 3. Also encompassed within this invention are pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

This invention also relates to a method for inhibiting activity and suppressing activation of thrombin in vivo in mammals, which comprises administering to a mammal a pharmaceutically (antithrombotically) effective amount of an N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

This invention relates to a group of N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamides of the formula (I): ##STR2## wherein R₁ is naphthyl, such as 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl, such as 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl, or naphthyl substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of halo, such as fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo, hydroxy, alkyl of 1-10 (preferably 1-5) carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl or the like, and dialkylamino of 2-20 (preferably 2-10) carbon atoms, such as dimethylamino, diethylamino, N-methyl-N-ethylamino or the like; R₂ is alkyl of 2-10 (preferably 2-6) carbon atoms, such as ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl or the like, alkoxyalkyl of 2-10 (preferably 2-6) carbon atoms, such as methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, propoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-propoxyethyl, 3-methoxypropyl, 3-ethoxypropyl, 3-propoxypropyl, 4-methoxybutyl, 4-ethoxybutyl, 4-butoxybutyl, 5-butoxypentyl or the like, alkylthioalkyl of 2-10 (preferably 2-6) carbon atoms, such as methylthiomethyl, ethylthiomethyl, propylthiomethyl, 2-methylthioethyl, 2-ethylthioethyl, 2-propylthioethyl, 3-methylthiopropyl, 3-ethylthiopropyl, 3-propylthiopropyl, 4-methylthiobutyl, 4-ethylthiobutyl, 4-butylthiobutyl, 5-butylthiopentyl or the like, aralkyl of 7-15 (preferably 7-10) carbon atoms, such as benzyl, phenethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, or the like; C₃ -C₁₀ cycloalkyl, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl or the like, or C₄ -C₁₀ cycloalkylalkyl, such as cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, 2-cyclohexylethyl, cyclooctylmethyl or the like; and R₃ is hydrogen.

Suitable illustrations of R₁ in the above formula (I) are 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl, 6-methyl-2-naphthyl, 6-methyl-1-naphthyl,7-methyl-1-naphthyl, 7-methyl-2-naphthyl, 6-ethyl-2-naphthyl, 6,7-dimethyl-1-naphthyl, 6-isopropyl-2-naphthyl, 5-chloro-1-naphthyl, 6-chloro-2-naphthyl, 6-bromo-1-naphthyl, 5-hydroxy-1-naphthyl, 7-hydroxy-2-naphthyl, 5-dimethylamino-1-naphthyl, 5-dimethylamino-2-naphthyl, 5-diethylamino-1-naphthyl, 6-dimethylamino-1-naphthyl and 6-dimethylamino-2-naphthyl.

Suitable R₂ groups in the above formula (I) are propyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 3-methoxypropyl, 2-methylthioethyl, 2-ethylthioethyl, 3-methylthiopropyl, benzyl, phenethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclohexylmethyl.

Illustrative of suitable N² naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamides of sufficient activity are the following:

N² -(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-butylglycine

N² -(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-methoxyethylglycine

N² -(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl)-N-phenethylglycine

N² -(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-cyclohexylglycine

N² -(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-pentylglycine

N² -(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-benzylglycine

N² -(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-butyl-β -alanine

N² -(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-cyclohexylmethylglycine

N² -(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-benzyl-β -alanine

N² -(5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-methoxyethylglycine

N² -(6-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-methoxyethylglycine

N² -(6-bromo-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-butylglycine

N² -(6-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-pentylglycine

N² -(7-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-butylglycine

N² -(7-methyl-2naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-methoxyethylglycine

N² -(7-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-phenethylglycine

N² -(7-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-cyclohexylmethylglycine

N² -(7-methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-methoxyethyglycine

N² -(6,7-dimethyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-methoxyethylglycine

N² -(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-methoxyethylglycine

N² -(1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-cyclohexylglycine

N² -(2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-butylglycine

N² -(2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-benzylglycine

N² -(2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-butyl-β-alanine

N² -(2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-benzyl-β-alanine

N² -(5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-butylglycine

N² -(5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-methoxyethylglycine

N² -(7-hydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-N-methoxyethylglycine

Of the compounds of this invention, it will be understood that the following compounds are most preferred due to their high level of antithrombotic activity and low level of toxicity.

N² -(7-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-butylglycine

N² -(7-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-methoxyethylglycine

N² -(7-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-phenethylglycine

N² -(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-methoxyethylglycine

N² -(6-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-methoxyethylglycine

N² -(6,7-dimethyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-methoxyethylglycine

N² -(5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-butylglycine

The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the above compounds are of course also included within the scope of this invention.

The above compounds are intended only to illustrate the variety of structures which can be used in the process of this invention, and the above listing is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

For the preparation of the compounds of this invention, various methods can be employed depending upon the particular starting materials and/or intermediates involved. Successful preparation of these compounds is possible by way of several synthetic routes which are outlined below.

(a) Condensation of an L-argininamide with a naphthalenesulfonyl halide

This process may be illustrated as follows: ##STR3##

In the above formulas, R₁, R₂, R₃ and n are as defined herein above, and X is halogen.

The N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamide (I) is prepared by the condensation of an L-argininamide (II) with a substantially equimolar amount of a naphthalenesulfonyl halide (III), preferably a chloride.

The condensation reaction is generally effected in a suitable reaction-inert solvent in the presence of an excess of a base, such as an organic base (triethylamine, pyridine) or a solution of an inorganic base (sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate), at a temperature of 0° C to the boiling temperature of the solvent for a period of 10 minutes to 15 hours.

The preferred solvents for the condensation include benzene-diethyl ether, diethyl ether-water and dioxane-water.

After the reaction is complete, the formed salt is extracted with water, and the solvent is removed by such standard means as evaporation under reduced pressure to give the N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamide (I), which can be purified by trituration or recrystallization from a suitable solvent, such as diethyl ether-tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether-methanol and water-methanol, or may be chromatographed on silica gel.

The L-argininamides (II) starting materials required for the condensation reaction can be prepared by protecting the guanidino and α-amino group of the arginine via nitration, acetylation, formylation, phthaloylation, trifluoroacetylation, p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonylation, benzoylation, benzyloxycarbonylation, tert-butoxycarbonylation or tritylation and then condensing the formed N^(G) substituted-N² -substituted-L-arginamide with a corresponding secondary amine by such a conventional process as the acid chloride method, azide method, mixed anhydride method, activated ester method or carbodiimide method, and thereafter selectively removing the protective group.

(b) Removal of the N^(G) -substituent from an N^(G) -substituted-N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamide

This process may be illustrated as follows: ##STR4##

In the above formulas, R₁, R₂, R₃, X and n are as defined herein above; Y' is a protective group for the amino group, such as benzyloxycarbonyl or tert-butoxycarbonyl; and Y and Y' are hydrogen and protective groups for the guanidino group, such as nitro, tosyl, trityl, oxycarbonyl or the like. At least one of Y and Y' is a protective group for the guanidino group.

The N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamide (I) is prepared by removing the N^(G) -substituent from an N^(G) -substituted-N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamide (VIII) by means of acidolysis or hydrogenolysis. The acidolysis is generally effected by contacting the N^(G) -substituted-N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamide (VIII) and an excess of an acid such as hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide or trifluoroacetic acid, without a solvent or in a solvent, such as an ether (tetrahydrofuran, dioxane), an alcohol (methanol, ethanol) or acetic acid at a temperature of -10° C to 100° C, and preferably at room temperature for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.

The products are isolated by evaporation of the solvent and the excess acid, or by trituration with a suitable solvent followed by filtration and drying.

Because of the use of the excess acid, the products are generally the acid addition salts of the N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamides (I), which can be easily converted to a free amide by neutralization. The removal of the nitro group and the oxycarbonyl group, e.g., benzyloxycarbonyl, p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, is readily accomplished by the hydrogenolysis. The hydrogenolysis is effected in a reaction-inert solvent, e.g., methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran or dioxane, in the presence of a hydrogen-activating catalyst, e.g., Raney nickel, palladium, or platinum, in a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 0° C to the boiling temperature of the solvent for a period of 2 hours to 120 hours.

The hydrogen pressure is not critical, and atmospheric pressure is sufficient.

The N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamides (I) are isolated by filtration of the catalyst followed by evaporation of the solvent.

The N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamides can be purified in the same manner as described above.

The N^(G) -substituted-N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamides (VIII) starting materials can be prepared by condensing an N^(G) -substituted-N² -substituted arginine (IV) (generally the N² -substituent is a protective group for the amino group, such as benzyloxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, or the like) and a corresponding secondary amine (V) via the azide method, mixed anhydride method, activated ester method, carbodiimido method or the like, selectively removing only the N² -substituent of an N^(G) -substituted-N² -substituted argininamide (VI) by means fo catalytic hydrogenolysis or acidolysis, and then condensing the thus obtained N^(G) -substituted-L-argininamide (VII) with a naphthalenesulfonyl halide (III), preferably a chloride in the presence of a base in a solvent. These reaction conditions are as described above in the condensation of an L-arginininamide with a naphthalenesulfonyl halide, and the removal of the N^(G) -substituent from an N^(G) -substituted-N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamide.

(C) Condensation of an N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-arginyl halide with an amine

This process may be ilustrated as follows: ##STR5##

In the above formulas, R₁, R₂, R₃, X and n are as defined herein above.

The N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-arginamide (I) is prepared by the condensation of an N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-arginyl halide (IX), preferably a chloride with at least an equimolar amount of a secondary amine (V). The condensation reaction can be carried out without an added solvent. However, satisfactory results will be obtained with the use of a solvent such as basic solvents (dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, etc.) or halogenated solvents (chloroform, dichloromethane, etc.).

The amount of the solvent to be used is not critical and may vary from about 5 to 100 times the weight of the N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-arginyl halide (IX). Preferred condensation reaction temperatures are in the range of from -10° C to room temperature. The reaction time is not critical, but varies with the secondary amine (V) employed. In general, a period of from 5 minutes to 10 hours is operable.

The obtained N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamide can be isolated and purified in the same manner as described above.

The N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-arginyl halide (IX) starting materials required for the condensation reaction can be prepared by reacting an N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-arginine with at least an equimolar amount of a halogenating agent such as thionyl chloride, phosphorous oxychloride, phosphorous trichloride, phosphorous pentachloride or phosphorus tribromide. The halogenation can be carried out with or without an added solvent. The preferred solvents are chlorinated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane, and ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane.

The amount of the solvent to be used is not critical and may vary from about 5 to 100 times the weight of the N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-arginine.

Preferred reaction temperatures are in the range of -10° C to room temperature. The reaction time is not critical, but varies with the halogenating agent and reaction temperature. In general, a period of 15 minutes to 5 hours is operable.

(d) Guanidylation of an N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-ornithinamide or an acid addition salt thereof This process may be illustrated as follows: ##STR6##

In the above formulas, R₁, R₂, R₃ and n are as defined herein above.

The N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamide (I) is prepared by guanidylating an N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-ornithinamide (X) with an ordinary guanidylating agents such as an O-alkylisourea, S-alkylisothiourea, 1-guanyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole or carbodiimide. The preferred guanidylating agents are the O-alkylisourea and the S-alkylisothiourea.

The guanidylation of the N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-ornthinamide (X) with the O-alkylisourea or S-alkylisothiourea is generaly effected in a solvent in the presence of a base at a temperature of from 0° C to the boiling temperature of the solvent for a period of from 30 minutes to 50 hours.

Examples of the preferred base are triethylamine, pyridine, sodium hydroxide and sodium methoxide. The base is used in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1 equivalent to the N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-ornthinimamide. Examples of the preferred solvent are water, water-ethanol and water-dioxane.

After the reaction is complete, the N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamide (I) is isolated by evaporation of the solvent followed by removal of the excess base and the formed salt by a water wash.

It is well recognized in the art that an ester derivative of the N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamide (I) wherein R₃ is alkyl, can be prepared from a carboxylic acid derivative of the N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamide wherein R₃ is hydrogen, by the conventional esterification methods well known to those skilled in the art. It is also well recognized in the art that the carboxylic acid derivative can be prepared from the ester derivative by the conventional hydrolysis or acidolysis methods. The conditions under which esterification, hydrolysis or acidolysis would be carried out will be each apparent to those skilled in the art.

The N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamide (I) of this invention forms acid addition salts with any of a variety of inorganic and organic acids. Some of the N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamide containing a free carboxy group, wherein R₃ is hydrogen, forms salts with any of a variety of inorganic and organic bases.

The product of the reactions described above can be isolated in the free form or in the form of salts. In addition, the product can be obtained as pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts by reacting one of the free bases with an acid, such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, nitric, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic, citric, maleic, succinic, lactic, tartaric, gluconic, benzoic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic acid or the like. In a similar manner, the product can be obtained as pharmaceutically acceptable salts by reacting one of the free carboxylic acids with a base, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, triethylamine, procaine, dibenzylamine, 1-ephenamine, N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, N-ethylpiperidine or the like. Likewise, treatment of the salts with a base or acid results in a regeneration of the free amide.

As stated above, the N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamides, and the salts thereof of this invention are characterized by highly specific inhibitory activity in mammals against thrombin as well as their substantial lack of toxicity, and therefore these compounds are useful in the determination of thrombin in blood as diagnostic reagents, and/or for the medical control or prevention of thrombosis.

The antithrombotic activities of the N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamide of this invention were compared with that of a known antithrombic agent, N² -(p-tolylsulfonyl)-L-arginine methyl ester, by determining the fibrinogen coagulation time. The measurement of the fibrinogen coagulation time was conducted as follows:

An 0.8 ml aliquot of a fibrinogen solution, which had been prepared by dissolving 150 mg of bovine fibrinogen (Cohn fraction I) supplied by Armour Inc. in 40 ml of a borate saline buffer (pH 7.4), was mixed with 0.1 ml of a borate saline buffer, pH 7.4, (control) or a sample solution in the same buffer, and 0.1 ml of a thrombin solution (5 units/ml) supplied by Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. was added to the solutions in an ice bath.

Immediately after mixing, the reaction mixture was transferred from the ice bath to a bath maintained at 25° C. Coagulation times were taken as the period between the time of transference to the 25° C bath and the time of the first appearance of fibrin threads. In the cases where no drug samples were added, the coagulation time was 50-55 seconds. The experimental results are summarized in Table 1. The term "concentration required to prolong the coagulation time by a factor of two" is the concentration of an active ingredient required to prolong the normal coagulation time 50- 55 seconds to 100-110 seconds.

The concentration required to prolong the coagulation time by a factor of two of the known antithrombotic agent, N² -(p-tolylsulfonyl)-L-arginine methyl ester, was 1,100 μ m. The inhibitors are shown in Table 1 by indicating R₁, R₂, R₃ and n in the formula (I) and the addition moiety. When a solution containing an N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamide of this invention was administered intravenously into animal bodies, the high antithrombotic activity in the circulating blood was maintained for from one to three hours. The halflife for decay of the anti-thrombotic compounds of this invention in circulating blood was shown to be approximately 60 minutes; the physiological conditions of the host animals (rat, rabbit, dog and chimpanzee) were well maintained. The experimental decrease of fibrinogen in animals caused by infusion of thrombin was satisfactorily controlled by simultaneous infusion of the compounds of this invention.

The acute toxicity values (LD₅₀) determined by intraperitoneal administration of substances of formula (I) in mice (male, 20 g) range from about 1,000 to 10,000 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. Representative LD₅₀ values, for example, for N² -(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-N-methoxyethylglycine, N² -(7-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-N-butylglycine and N² -(6,7-dimethyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-N-methoxyethylglycine are above 1,500 milligrams per kilogram, respectively.

On the other hand, LD₅₀ values for N² -dansyl-N-butyl-L-argininamide and N² -dansyl-N-methyl-N-butyl-L-argininamide are 75 and 70 milligrams per kilogram, respectively. The therapeutic agents of this invention may be administered to mammals, including humans, alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, the proportion of which is determined by the solubility and chemical nature of the compound, chosen route of administration and standard pharmaceutical practice. For example, the compounds may be injected parenterally, that is, intramuscularly, intravenously or subcutaneously. For parenteral administration, the compounds may be used in the form of sterile solutions containing other solutes, for example, sufficient saline or glucose to make the solution isotonic. The compounds may be administered orally in the form of tablets, capsules, or granules containing suitable excipients such as starch, lactose, white sugar and the like. The compounds may be administered sublingually in the form of troches or lozenges in which each active ingredient is mixed with sugar or corn syrups, flavoring agents and dyes, and then dehydrated sufficiently to make the mixture suitable for pressing into solid form. The compounds may be administered orally in the form of solutions which may contain coloring and flavoring agents.

Physicians will determine the dosage of the present therapeutic agents which will be most suitable for humans, and dosages vary with the mode of administration and the particular compound chosen. In addition, the dosage wil vary with the particular patient under treatment.

When the composition is administered orally, a larger quantity of the active agent will be required to produce the same effect as caused with a smaller quantity given parenterally. The therapeutic dosage is generally 10-50 mg/kg of active ingredient parenterally, 10-500 mg/kg orally per day.

Having generally described the invention, a more complete understanding can be obtained by reference to certain specific examples, which are included for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to be limiting unless otherwise specified.

EXAMPLE 1

To a solution of 3.00 g of N^(G) -nitro-N² -(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-cyclohexylmethylglycine benzyl ester in 50 ml of ethanol and 0.5 ml of acetic acid was added 0.5 g of palladium-black and then the mixture was shaken in a hydrogen atmosphere for 100 hours at room temperature. At the end of this period, the ethanol solution was filtered to remove the catalyst and evaporated to dryness. The residue was washed several times with dry diethyl ether and chromatographed on 80 ml of Daiaion® SK 102 ion exchange resin (200-300 mesh, H⁺ form, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Limited) packed in water, washed with water and eluted with 3% ammonium hydroxide solution. The fraction eluted from 3% ammonium hydroxide solution was evaporated to dryness to give 2.07 g (87%) of N² -(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-cyclohexylmethylglycine as a powder.

M.P. 170°-173° C IR(KBr): 3,335, 1,630 cm⁻¹

Analysis -- Calcd. for C₂₅ H₃₉ N₅ O₅ S (percent): C, 57.56; H, 7.54; N, 13,43; found (percent): C, 57.41; H, 7.39; N, 13.50.

The following compounds are prepared in a similar manner.

N² -(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-ethoxyethylglycine

N² -(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-methoxyethylglycine

N² -(6-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-butylglycine

N² -(7-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-butyl-β -alanine

N² -(7-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-ethoxyethylglycine

N² -(7-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-N-methoxyethyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)-L-argininamide

N² -(7-ethyl-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-methoxyethylglycine

EXAMPLE 2

To an ice-cooled suspension of 1.0 g of N² -(2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-butylglycine in 15 ml of ethanol was added dropwise 0.5 ml of thionyl chloride with vigorous stirring. The reaction mixture was allowed to stand for 2 hours at room temperature and then refluxed for 2 hours. At the end of this period, the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness, and the residual syrup was treated with cold ethyl ether to give 1.02 g (90%) of N² -(2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-butylglycine ethyl ester hydrochloride in the form of a powder.

Analysis -- Calcd. For C₂₄ H₃₅ O₅ N₅ S.HCl: (percent): C, 53,17; H, 6.69; N, 12.92; found (percent): C, 52.89; H, 6.52; N, 12.74.

EXAMPLE 3

A mixture of 1.2 g of N² -(2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-butylglycine and 1.0 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate in 5 ml of benzyl alcohol and 30 ml of benzene was refluxed for 5 hours, while removing water by azeotropic distillation. At the end of this period, the solvent was evaporated and then 100 ml of ethyl ether was added to the residue to give 1.73 g (93%) of N² -(2-naphthalenesulfonyl) L-arginyl-N-butylglycine benzyl ester p-toluenesulfonate in the form of a powder.

Analysis -- Calcd. for C₂₉ H₃₇ O₅ N₅ S.C.sub. 7 H₈ O₃ S: (percent): C, 58.44; H, 6.13; N, 9,47; found (percent): C, 58.43; H, 6.10; N, 9.40.

Various other N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamides or acid addition salts thereof were synthesized in accordance with the procedure of the above examples, and the test results are summarized in Table 1.

                                      TABLE 1                                      __________________________________________________________________________        Compound                                                                     pleSam-                                                                           ##STR7##                       Addition                                    __________________________________________________________________________     No.                                                                               R.sub.1   R.sub.2    R.sub.3 n moiety                                       __________________________________________________________________________         ##STR8##                                                                   n-C.sub.4 H.sub.9                                                                 H         1          --                                                     2                                                                                  ##STR9##                                                                   n-C.sub.5 H.sub.11                                                                H         1          --                                                     3                                                                                  ##STR10##                                                                               CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3                                                               H       1 --                                               ##STR11##                                                                                ##STR12## H       1 --                                           5                                                                                  ##STR13##                                                                                ##STR14## H       1 --                                           6                                                                                  ##STR15##                                                                  n-C.sub.4 H.sub.9                                                                 H         2          --                                                     7                                                                                  ##STR16##                                                                                ##STR17## H       1 --                                           8                                                                                  ##STR18##                                                                                ##STR19## H       1 --                                           9                                                                                  ##STR20##                                                                                ##STR21## H       2 --                                           10                                                                                 ##STR22##                                                                               CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3                                                               H       1 --                                           11                                                                                 ##STR23##                                                                  n-C.sub.4 H.sub.9                                                                 H         1          --                                                     12                                                                                 ##STR24##                                                                               CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3                                                               H       1 --                                           13                                                                                 ##STR25##                                                                  n-C.sub.5 H.sub.11                                                                H         1          --                                                     14                                                                                 ##STR26##                                                                  n-C.sub.4 H.sub.9                                                                 H         1          --                                                     15                                                                                 ##STR27##                                                                               CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3                                                               H       1 --                                           16                                                                                 ##STR28##                                                                                ##STR29## H       1 --                                           17                                                                                 ##STR30##                                                                                ##STR31## H       1 --                                           18                                                                                 ##STR32##                                                                               CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3                                                               H       1 --                                           19                                                                                 ##STR33##                                                                                ##STR34## H       1 --                                           20                                                                                 ##STR35##                                                                                ##STR36## H       1 --                                           21                                                                                 ##STR37##                                                                  n-C.sub.4 H.sub.9                                                                 H         2          --                                                     22                                                                                 ##STR38##                                                                               CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3                                                               H       1 --                                           23                                                                                 ##STR39##                                                                               CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3                                                               H       1 --                                           24                                                                                 ##STR40##                                                                  n-C.sub.4 H.sub.9                                                                 H         1          --                                                     25                                                                                 ##STR41##                                                                               CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3                                                               H       1 --                                           26                                                                                 ##STR42##                                                                               CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3                                                               H       1 --                                           27                                                                                 ##STR43##                                                                                ##STR44## H       2 --                                           28                                                                                 ##STR45##                                                                  n-C.sub.4 H.sub.9                                                                 C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                          1          HCl                                                    29                                                                                 ##STR46##                                                                  n-C.sub.4 H.sub.9                                                                  ##STR47##                                                                               1                                                                                          ##STR48##                                             30                                                                                 ##STR49##                                                                  n-C.sub.4 H.sub.9                                                                 H         1          --                                                     __________________________________________________________________________         Concentration                                                                  required to                                                                    prolong the                                                                    coagulation           Elementary analysis                                      time by a                                                                               Preparation  Upper: Calculated                                        factor of two                                                                           process                                                                               m.p.  Lower: Found                                                                              I.R. (KBr)                                No. (μM)  (Ex. No.)                                                                             (° C)                                                                         C   H  N   (cm.sup.-1)                               __________________________________________________________________________                               54.86                                                                              7.33                                                                              14.54                                                                              3,350                                     1   20       1      210 - 213                                                                            54.72                                                                              7.21                                                                              14.27                                                                              1,630                                                               55.73                                                                              7.52                                                                              14.13                                                                              3,350                                     2            1      120 - 130                                                                            55.82                                                                              7.50                                                                              14.01                                                                              1,630                                                               52.15                                                                              6.88                                                                              14.48                                                                              3,300 (broad)                             3   10       1      108 - 110                                                                            52.21                                                                              6.71                                                                              14.52                                                                              1,630                                                               58.23                                                                              6.45                                                                              13.58                                                                              3,300 (broad)                             4   30       1      powder                                                                               58.01                                                                              6.35                                                                              13.46                                                                              1,635                                                               58.96                                                                              6.66                                                                              13.22                                                                              3,200 (broad)                             5            1      powder                                                                               58.91                                                                              6.79                                                                              13.15                                                                              1,630                                                               55.73                                                                              7.52                                                                              14.13                                                                              3,300 (broad)                             6            1      powder                                                                               55.81                                                                              7.40                                                                              14.10                                                                              1,630                                                               57.56                                                                              7.54                                                                              13.43                                                                              3,335                                     7            1      170 - 173                                                                            57.41                                                                              7.39                                                                              13.50                                                                              1,630                                                               56.78                                                                              7.35                                                                              13.80                                                                              3,200 (broad)                             8            1      powder                                                                               56.85                                                                              7.29                                                                              13.71                                                                              1,630                                                               58.96                                                                              6.66                                                                              13.22                                                                              3,300 (broad)                             9            1      powder                                                                               58.79                                                                              6.51                                                                              13.91                                                                              1,630                                                               49.07                                                                              5.49                                                                              13.63                                                                              3,150                                     10           1      142 - 145                                                                            48.90                                                                              5.38                                                                              13.42                                                                              1,620                                                               47.47                                                                              5.43                                                                              12.58                                                                              3,150                                     11           1      powder                                                                               47.29                                                                              5.31                                                                              12.39                                                                              1,630                                                               49.07                                                                              5.49                                                                              13.63                                                                              3,150                                     12           1      powder/ -        49.12 5.28 13.59 1,630                                              57.01                                                                              6.98                                                                              13.85                                                                              3,300                                     13           1      123 - 130                                                                            56.88                                                                              6.71                                                                              13.65                                                                              1,635                                                               56.19                                                                              6.77                                                                              14.25                                                                              3,300                                     14  0.3      1      poder            3,150                                                               56.00                                                                              6.50                                                                              14.00                                                                              1,630                                                               53.53                                                                              6.33                                                                              14.19                                                                              3,300 (broad)                             15  0.2      1      powder                                                                               53.24                                                                              6.19                                                                              13.99                                                                              1,630                                                               60.09                                                                              6.16                                                                              12.93                                                                              3,300 (broad)                             16           1      powder                                                                               59.79                                                                              6.02                                                                              12.61                                                                              1,630                                                               58.73                                                                              7.01                                                                              13.17                                                                              3,380                                     17  14       1      powder                                                                               58.66                                                                              6.90                                                                              12.91                                                                              1,635                                                               52.59                                                                              6.10                                                                              14.61                                                                              3,380                                     18           1      147 - 150                                                                            52.31                                                                              6.01                                                                              14.33                                                                              1,640                                                               57.23                                                                              6.61                                                                              13.91                                                                              3,300 (broad)                             19           1      powder                                                                               56.98                                                                              6.33                                                                              13.81                                                                              1,630                                                               58.69                                                                              5.71                                                                              13.69                                                                              3,300 (broad)                             20           1      powder           3,150                                                               58.79                                                                              5.55                                                                              13.39                                                                              1,630                                                               56.19                                                                              6.77                                                                              14.25                                                                              3,190 (broad)                             21           1      powder                                                                               55.95                                                                              6.58                                                                              13.97                                                                              1,620                                                               53.53                                                                              6.33                                                                              14.19                                                                              3,350                                     22  20       1      130 - 135                                                                            53.28                                                                              6.19                                                                              13.97                                                                              1,640                                                               54.42                                                                              6.55                                                                              13.80                                                                              3,350                                     23  10       1      152 - 157                                                                            54.28                                                                              6.32                                                                              13.59                                                                              1,635                                                               55.36                                                                              6.97                                                                              16.14                                                                              3,380                                     24  4        1      powder                                                                               55.10                                                                              6.76                                                                              16.07                                                                              1,630                                                               52.86                                                                              6.56                                                                              16.08                                         25           1      powder                                                                               52.71                                                                              6.29                                                                              16.07                                                                   50.90                                                                              5.90                                                                              14.13                                                                              3,180 (broad)                             26           1      powder                                                                               50.81                                                                              5.70                                                                              13.89                                                                              1,630                                                               59.41                                                                              5.95                                                                              13.33                                                                              3,170 (broad)                             27           1      powder                                                                               59.22                                                                              5.73                                                                              13.28                                                                              1,620                                                               53.17                                                                              6.69                                                                              12.92                                         28           2      powder                                                                               52.89                                                                              6.52                                                                              12.74                                                                   58.44                                                                              6.13                                                                              9.47                                          29           3      powder                                                                               58.43                                                                              6.10                                                                              9.40                                                                    55.33                                                                              6.54                                                                              14.67                                                                              3,200 (broad)                             30           1      powder                                                                               55.26                                                                              6.62                                                                              14.58                                                                              1,630                                     __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 4

Tablets suitable for oral administration

Tablets containing the ingredients indicated below may be prepared by conventional techniques.

    ______________________________________                                                                Amount per tablet                                       Ingredient             (mg)                                                    ______________________________________                                         N.sup.2 -(7-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-                                                            250                                                     L-arginyl-N-butylglycine                                                       Lactose                140                                                     Corn starch            35                                                      Talcum                 20                                                      Magnesium stearate     5                                                       ______________________________________                                         Total                  450 mg                                                  ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 5

Capsules for oral administration

Capsules of the below were made up by thoroughly mixing together batches of the ingredients and filling hard gelatin capsules with the mixture.

    ______________________________________                                                                Amount per capsule                                      Ingredient             (mg)                                                    ______________________________________                                         N.sup.2 -(7-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-                                                            250                                                     L-arginyl-N-butylglycine                                                       Lactose                250                                                     ______________________________________                                         Total                     500 mg                                               ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 6

Sterile solution for infusion

The following ingredients are dissolved in water for intravenous perfusion and the resulting solution is then sterilized.

    ______________________________________                                         Ingredients              Amount (g)                                            ______________________________________                                         N.sup.2 -(7-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-                                                               25                                                   L-arginyl-N-butylglycine                                                       Buffer system            As desired                                            Glucose                   25                                                   Distilled water          500                                                   ______________________________________                                    

Having now fully described the invention, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many changes and modifications can be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth herein. 

What is claimed as new and intended to be covered by Letters Patent is:
 1. N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-arginamides having the formula (I): ##STR50## and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R₁ is selected from the group consisting of naphthyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl and naphthyl substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, C₁ -C₁₀ alkyl and C₂ -C₂₀ dialkylamino; R₂ is selected from the group consisting of C₂ -C₁₀ alkyl, C₂ -C₁₀ alkoxyalkyl, C₂ -C₁₀ alkylthioalkyl, C₇ -C₁₅ aralkyl, C₃ -C₁₀ cycloalkyl and C₄ -C₁₀ cycloalkylalkyl; R₃ is hydrogen; and n is an integer of 1, 2 or
 3. 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein R₁ is selected from the group consisting of naphthyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl and naphthyl substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, C₁ -C₅ alkyl and C₂ -C₁₀ dialkylamino; R₂ is selected from the group consisting of C₂ -C₆ alkyl, C₂ -C₆ alkoxyalkyl, C₂ -C₆ alkylthioalkyl, C₇ -C₁₀ aralkyl, C₃ -C₁₀ cycloalkyl and C₄ -C₁₀ cycloalkylalkyl; and R₃ is hydrogen.
 3. The compound of claim 2, wherein R₁ is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl, 6-methyl-2-naphthyl, 6-methyl-1-naphthyl, 7-methyl-1-naphthyl, 7-methyl-2-naphthyl, 6-ethyl-2-naphthyl, 6,7-dimethyl-1-naphthyl, 6-isopropyl-2-naphthyl, 5-chloro-1-naphthyl, 6-chloro-2-naphthyl, 6-bromo-1-naphthyl, 5-hydroxy-1-naphthyl, 7-hydroxy-2-naphthyl, 5-dimethylamino-1-naphthyl, 5-dimethylamino-2-naphthyl, 5-diethylamino-1-naphthyl, 6-dimethylamino-1-naphthyl and 6-dimethylamino-2-naphthyl; R₂ is selected from the group consisting of propyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 3-methoxypropyl, 2-methylthioethyl, 2-ethylthioethyl, 3-methylthiopropyl, benzyl, phenethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclohexylmethyl; and R₃ is hydrogen.
 4. A compound of claim 3, which is N² -(7-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-butylglycine.
 5. A compound of claim 3, which is N² -(7-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-methoxyethylglycine.
 6. A compound of claim 3, which is N² -(7-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-phenethylglycine.
 7. A compound of claim 3, which is N² -(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-methoxyethylglycine.
 8. A compound of claim 3, which is N² -(6-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-methoxyethylglycine.
 9. A compound of claim 3, which is N² -(6,7-dimethyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-methoxyethylglycine.
 10. A compound of claim 3, which is N² -(5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)-L-arginyl-N-butylglycine.
 11. A method of inhibiting activity and suppressing activation of thrombin in vivo, which comprises administering to a mammal, a pharmaceutically effective amount of an N² -naphthalenesulfonyl-L-argininamide having the formula (I): ##STR51## or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R₁ is selected from the group consisting of naphthyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl and naphthyl substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, C₁ -C₁₀ alkyl and C₂ -C₂₀ dialkylamino; R₂ is selected from the group consisting of C₂ -C₁₀ alkyl, C₂ -C₁₀ alkoxyalkyl, C₂ -C₁₀ alkylthioalkyl, C₇ -C₁₅ aralkyl, C₃ -C₁₀ cycloalkyl and C₄ -C₁₀ cycloalkylalkyl; R₃ is hydrogen; and n is an integer of 1, 2 or
 3. 